《One Hundred Years of Solitude 》is a novel written by Colombian writer Garcia Marquez. In view of its innovative magical realism style and rich content, it won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1982. The influence of his works is beyond our imagination: Salman Rushdie, an Indian in Britain, Tony Morrison in the United States, Mo Yan in China, etc., are all influenced by him. The novel "One Hundred Years of Solitude" tells the story of the Buendia family in a small town named Macondo, which continued a series of magical family history such as incest, poisoning and prophecy for seven generations. The novel not only shows the lonely fate of family members, but also symbolically reflects the lonely history of Latin America for a century.
《百年孤獨(dú)》是哥倫比亞作家加西亞·馬爾克斯創(chuàng)作的長篇小說。鑒于作品創(chuàng)新的魔幻現(xiàn)實主義風(fēng)格和內(nèi)容的豐富性，1982年獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎。作品的影響力超乎我們的想象: 如英國的印度人薩爾曼·拉什澤，美國的托尼·莫里森，中國的莫言等等，都受他的影響?！栋倌旯陋?dú)》這部小說講述的是布恩迪亞家族七代人，在一個名叫馬孔多的小鎮(zhèn)開啟的亂倫、毒殺、預(yù)言等一系列長達(dá)百年的魔幻家族史。小說不僅展現(xiàn)了家族成員各自的孤獨(dú)命運(yùn)，還象征性地反應(yīng)了整個拉丁美洲一個世紀(jì)孤寂的歷史。
Macondo village, this is a fictional place. The author "inserted" the Buendia family in this fictional land. Because of the combination of novel and realism, the works well reflect many Colombian customs and history; Because there are many characters involved and the story lasts for a long time, the content of the work is very rich and there are many themes. Macondo village is a place full of vivid stories: passionate love, civil war, political intrigue, global adventure and so on. However, no matter what activities people engage in, there is a unique sense of loneliness on their faces. "... they all try to break through the strange circle of loneliness in various ways, but fierce actions are always attributed to setbacks and fall into deep loneliness in different ways. For them, loneliness seems to be an irresistible mysterious fate. So "loneliness" naturally becomes the main theme of the novel.
Loneliness runs through the novel. This seems to be an innate characteristic of the Buendia family, which affects every character in the novel.
馬孔多村，這是虛構(gòu)的地方。作者在這方虛構(gòu)的土地上“插入”布恩迪亞家族。由于虛構(gòu)與寫實因素的結(jié)合，所以作品很好的反映了大量的哥倫比亞的習(xí)俗和歷史；由于涉及人物之多、故事歷時之久，所以作品內(nèi)容非常豐富，主題也是多個。馬孔多村，就是在這方土地上演繹了一個個鮮活的故事: 充滿激情的愛情，內(nèi)戰(zhàn)、政治陰謀、環(huán)球冒險等等，但是，無論這個家族成員從事怎樣的活動，他們的臉上都帶著一種一望可知的特有的孤獨(dú)感。“……他們都試圖以各種方式突破孤獨(dú)的怪圈，但激烈的行動總是歸于挫敗地沮喪，他們又以不同的方式，一個個陷入深沉的孤獨(dú)之中。對他們來說，孤獨(dú)仿佛是一種神秘的命運(yùn)難以抗拒”。這樣“孤獨(dú)”自然也就成了小說的主要主題。
孤獨(dú)貫穿于小說的始終，它似乎是布恩迪亞家族與生俱來的特征，它影響到小說中的每一個人物。
The loneliness of Colonel Aureliano Buendia speaks volumes. His clumsy expression of love led to war (children of different mothers everywhere). On one occasion, he even asked people to draw a 3m circle around Fiona Fang to avoid any contact. When the war ended and the peace agreement was signed, the colonel couldn't stand it and was afraid of the future. He wanted to kill himself. Fortunately, his clumsiness saved him again. He will spend his old age making small goldfish in his alchemy laboratory.
So are the other characters.
The founder of Macondo, Huo A Buendia, died alone under a tree.
Ursula lives alone in blindness.
The founder's sons, Huo Accati and Rebecca, live alone in another house.
Amaranta remains single.
Because of his mistress's refusal, Pietro Crespi tried to commit suicide.
Everyone will suffer the consequences of loneliness and abandonment.
Think carefully, everyone's loneliness actually represents the reincarnation of this family's fate. In other words, this family is also lonely. Throughout the novel, from the first person in the family being tied to a tree to the last person in the family being eaten by ants, the theme of the book-loneliness is revealed.
The reasons are as follows: 1. Macondo, the living environment of the characters in the book is lonely. It's very remote here, and it's difficult to get in touch with the outside world. Second, the residents of Macondo are lonely. They have a lingering sense of autism. For example, residents lack a correct understanding of insomnia, regard emergency as the normal state, and look for effective treatment without closure. Third, the Buendia family is "lonely". For example, the same name is used repeatedly for generations in the family, which is also a sign of lack of communication between family members.
奧雷連諾·布恩迪亞上校的孤獨(dú)很能說明問題。他表達(dá)愛的笨拙導(dǎo)致戰(zhàn)爭(離開不同母親的孩子，在各個地方)。在某個時候，他甚至?xí)笕藗冊谒車嬕粋€方圓3米的圓圈，以避免任何接觸……。當(dāng)戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束，和平協(xié)議簽署后，上校無法忍受，并對未來感到恐懼，他想開槍自殺。幸運(yùn)的是他的笨拙又救了他。他將在他的“煉金術(shù)實驗室”里制造小金魚度過晚年。
其他角色也一樣。
馬孔多的創(chuàng)始人霍·阿·布恩迪亞孤獨(dú)終老于樹下。
烏蘇拉在失明中孤獨(dú)地生活。
創(chuàng)始人的兒子霍·阿卡蒂奧和麗貝卡單獨(dú)住在另一所房子里。
阿瑪蘭塔保持單身。
皮埃特羅·克雷斯皮由于他情婦的拒絕，他打算自殺。
所有人都將遭受孤獨(dú)和遺棄的后果。
仔細(xì)想想，這每個人的孤獨(dú)實際演繹著這個家族命運(yùn)的輪回。也就是說這個家族也是孤獨(dú)的?？v觀整部小說，從家族的第一個人被綁在樹上，到家族最后一個人被螞蟻吃掉，就揭示了書的主旨——孤獨(dú)。
究其原因: 一是書中人物生存的環(huán)境——馬孔多就是孤獨(dú)的，它位置偏僻，難與外界接觸。二是馬孔多的居民是孤獨(dú)的。他們有揮之不去的自閉意識。比如居民對失眠癥缺少正確的認(rèn)識，把緊急情況視為常態(tài)，封閉的不去尋找有效的治療方法。三是布恩迪亞家族是“孤獨(dú)”的。如家族里一代代人反復(fù)使用相同的名字，家庭成員之間也缺少溝通。
The second theme of the novel is "incest".
Generally speaking, characters in novels don't fall in love. Or simply put, they can't express love. At the beginning, I talked about the relationship between two cousins: Huo Accati and Ursula (their uncle's children have no tails). In addition, Huo Accati 'ao is the son of the founder, and he married his adopted daughter Rebecca Montil, representing a brotherly relationship. And Olano Jose, who fell in love with his period, refused his proposal.
Amarano ursula is also related to his nephew Aureliano barbieri Yano. Yano didn't know their family relationship, because Aureliano's grandmother concealed their true origins. It is this last relationship, the only true love relationship in the whole story, and it is this true love that makes us see some hope.
However, the crystallization of this true love is a child with a "pig tail". No wonder this novel caused a great sensation as soon as it was published. In fact, people will not be so surprised when they open the ancient Bible, because the novel can find its shadow in the Bible, whether it is the characters, the plot or the theme. It can be said that the author Marquez not only revived ancient myths and legends, but also activated ancient wisdom. However, because the novel adopts the narrative method of the third person, there is no emotional analysis of the incident except the fear of the "pig tail" hanging over the family head, because it is an important image bearing the motif of incest and an "ancient fear" of human
小說的第二個主題是“亂倫”。
總體來說，小說中的人物不會愛?；蛘吒唵蔚恼f他們不會表達(dá)愛。在最開始，講述兩個表弟之間的關(guān)系: 霍·阿卡蒂奧和烏蘇拉(他們的叔叔的孩子沒有尾巴)。此外，霍·阿卡蒂奧是創(chuàng)始人的兒子，他與養(yǎng)女麗貝卡·蒙蒂爾結(jié)婚，這代表了兄弟之間的關(guān)系。還有奧雷諾·何塞，他愛上了他的姨媽，但后者拒絕了他的求婚。
還有，阿瑪蘭諾·烏蘇拉和他的侄兒奧雷連諾·巴比里亞諾之間的關(guān)系，后者不知道他們的家庭關(guān)系，因為奧雷連諾的祖母隱瞞了他們的真實出身。也正是這最后一種關(guān)系，是整個故事中唯一的真愛關(guān)系，也正是這真正的愛情向我們展示了些許的希望。
但是，這個真愛的結(jié)晶是長著“豬尾巴”的孩子。難怪小說一出版，就引起了巨大的轟動。其實，如果翻開古老的《圣經(jīng)》人們就不會如此驚詫，因為小說無論從人物、情節(jié)，還是主題內(nèi)容，都能在《圣經(jīng)》中找到影子，可以說作者馬爾克斯不僅復(fù)活了古老的神話傳說，也激活了古老的智慧。但是，由于小說采用的是第三人稱的敘述方式，對事件并沒有做感情上的分析(也不分真實與虛幻)，除了一直懸掛在家族頭頂?shù)摹柏i尾巴”的恐懼，因為它是承載著“亂倫”這一母題的重要意象，這是人類孤獨(dú)“古久的恐懼”。
In addition, it is worth mentioning that when Father Nicanor Horner came to Macondo to hold a wedding for Aureliano Buendia and Des Reina, he found that the children in the village were not baptized and lived in sin, so he decided to stay and spread blessings. It can be said that this plot alone adds a religious color to the novel.
另外，值得一提的是尼卡諾爾·霍納神父來到馬孔多慶祝奧雷連諾·布恩迪亞和雷麥戴絲·雷納的婚禮時，他發(fā)現(xiàn)村子里的孩子沒有洗禮，生活在罪惡之中，于是他決定留下來傳播福因?？梢哉f僅這一情節(jié)就為小說增加了宗教色彩。
The intriguing ending of the novel is: "... everything contained in the parchment will never be repeated, because the family destined to be lonely for a hundred years will not have a second chance to appear on the earth." For some readers who may get lost in all these quotations and other analogies and symbols, this feeling is too monotonous, but it is also too rich. In addition, "magic realism" may also confuse readers who do not fully understand the works. In fact, this novel not only contains loneliness, "... the noisy but vivid reality reflects the wealth and poverty of a continent and its people. "If you want to further understand the deeper meaning of the work, take your time, especially if you don't want to lose the clue of the story, it is also a treasure worth appreciating ... slowly.
小說耐人尋味的是結(jié)尾: “……羊皮卷上所載一切自永遠(yuǎn)至永遠(yuǎn)不會再重復(fù)，因為注定經(jīng)受百年孤獨(dú)的家族不會有第二次機(jī)會在大地上出現(xiàn)”。這對一些可能迷失在所有這些參考和其他類比和符號中的讀者來說感覺太單調(diào)，但也太豐富了。此外，“魔幻現(xiàn)實主義”，也許還讓沒有完全讀懂作品的讀者感到困惑。事實上，這部小說不僅包含著孤獨(dú)，“……其中喧囂紛亂卻又生動可信的現(xiàn)實，映射了一片大陸及其人民的富足與貧窮”。如果你想更深入了解作品所蘊(yùn)含的更深厚的底蘊(yùn)，慢慢來，尤其是如果你不想失去故事的線索，這也是值得享受的財富……慢慢地。 小說耐人尋味的是結(jié)尾: “……羊皮卷上所載一切自永遠(yuǎn)至永遠(yuǎn)不會再重復(fù)，因為注定經(jīng)受百年孤獨(dú)的家族不會有第二次機(jī)會在大地上出現(xiàn)”。這對一些可能迷失在所有這些參考和其他類比和符號中的讀者來說感覺太單調(diào)，但也太豐富了。此外，“魔幻現(xiàn)實主義”，也許還讓沒有完全讀懂作品的讀者感到困惑。事實上，這部小說不僅包含著孤獨(dú)，“……其中喧囂紛亂卻又生動可信的現(xiàn)實，映射了一片大陸及其人民的富足與貧窮”。如果你想更深入了解作品所蘊(yùn)含的更深厚的底蘊(yùn)，慢慢來，尤其是如果你不想失去故事的線索，這也是值得享受的財富……慢慢地。
作者簡介：Louis BISCIGLIA 出生于一個偉大的藝術(shù)家家庭，父母都是古典鋼琴家。他就讀于巴黎大學(xué)、哈佛大學(xué)，博士學(xué)位。他是跨國公司的國際法定審計師，也是巴黎薩克雷大學(xué)教授。他愛好廣泛，尤其喜歡文學(xué)，著迷于中國文化。
換一換
